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    • 专利摘要:
    SummaryThe invention relates to a sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 500; 610; 620; 630) for a liquid sample. The sampling unit is adapted to be mounted in a system with temperature variations,which system contains or transports a liquid, and the sampling unit comprises onerock portion (304; 404; 504 '; 604) partially surrounding a cavity (301; 401; 501'; 601) which is filled with liquid, a first opening (303; 403; 503 '; 603) through which the liquid in the cavity can flow out of the cavity and a second opening (307; 407; 507 '; 607) through which the liquid in the system can flow into the cavity (301; 401; 501'; 601). The first opening is provided with onefirst closing element (305; 405; 505 '; 605; 605'; 605 ") which is opened when the temperature of the waterThe temperature in the cavity increases and decreases when the temperature of the liquid in the cavity drops. The second opening is provided with a second closing element (309; 409; 509 '; 609; 609'; 609 ") which is opened when the temperature of the liquid in the cavity drops and a negative pressure is formed in the cavity.(Fig. 5)
    公开号:SE1351455A1
    申请号:SE1351455
    申请日:2013-12-06
    公开日:2015-06-07
    发明作者:Klas Eurenius；Henrik Eriksson
    申请人:Scania Cv Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Applicant: Scania CV ABSampling unit for a liquid sample, system comprising the sampling unit, internal combustion engine comprising an industry system with the sampling unit, vehicles comprising the internal combustion engine and a method for sampling a liquidFIELD OF ARTThe invention relates to a sampling unit for a liquid sample, a system comprising samplingcombustion engine, combustion engine comprising an industry system with the sampling unit,vehicles comprising the internal combustion engine and a process for sampling a liquid.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND KNOWLEDGE TECHNOLOGYDiesel-powered motor vehicles are equipped with exhaust gas purification devices in order to reduce emissionsparticles and chemicals found in the exhaust gases of the diesel engine. There are also various standards and legal requirements that regulate permitted exhaust emissions from vehicles. Kanda exhaust gas purification devices are susceptible to high levels of sulfur in the industry. A content exceeding about 10 ppm sulfur in the industry can lead to a deficient emission reduction in the exhaust gas purification device. Toreduce the risk of this and ensure that the legal requirements are met, some vehicle specificationsthe maximum sulfur content that the industry may contain, for example such that the sulfur content must be less than 10 ppm. Fuel with a higher sulfur content than this is often cheaper and therefore more attractive to use in vehicles. Such fuel is, however, harmful to vehicles, but it is difficult to subsequently ascertain and prove whether the vehicle has been refueled with fuel with avelocity exceeding 10 ppm.
    Other compounds, such as phosphorus compounds, can also be harmful to the vehicle and especially to millions. However, it is also black in connection with these associations to subsequently ascertain and prove whether the vehicle has been refueled with fuel that has harmful levels of such substances.chemicals or compounds.2To reduce particulate matter and nitrogen oxides (NO) emissions, exhaust gas treatment systems are used which may include, for example, a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), particulate filters and so-called NO reducers, such as an EGR (Exhaust Gas Reduction) system and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) , in the exhaust stream from internal combustion engines, for example in vehicles.
    The efficiency of such exhaust gas treatment systems and especially diesel oxidation catalystsdecreases with the occurrence of compounds containing sulfur. Sac: Lana sulfur-containing compounds (eg mercaptans, thiols, thiophenes, thioethers, thioesters, disulfides) and eg sulfur-containing aromatic compounds, "poison" or react with the diesel oxidation catalyst and / or other components of the exhaust gas treatment system and these partsof the system far clamed a reduced efficiency leading to corrosion problems in the engineand to increased exhaust emissions. The diesel oxidation catalyst is sensitive to high levels of sulfur and can therefore have a shortened service life at too high sulfur levels in the industry. Therefore, it is important to be able to analyze whether an industry with too much sulfur content has been refueled for a period of time.
    US-2002/0079236 relates to a sensor for measuring the concentration of sulfur compounds in aka. The sensor comprises two electrodes, an active electrode which is in contact with the liquid to be fed and a reference electrode which is insulated from the liquid. A voltage is generated between the electrodes depending on the concentration of sulfur compounds in the liquid which can thus be determined.
    US-2009/0317299 relates to an optical sensor for determining the sulfur content of a branch. This is done by illuminating the industry with an appropriate wavelength spectrum and detecting reflectedlight and then analyze this to obtain a detection signal indicating the sulfur content.
    M. & these kanda sensors are to be regarded as active because they require some form of power supply in connection with the sensing or when the signal processing is carried out. The feeds described in these had published patent applications give a direct food result, ie. a food value that reflects the current sulfur content.
    A proposed alternative to an electrically driven sensor is described in SE 535895 C2, which shows oneindicator unit with a number of capsules or layers, which in contact with the industry absorb sulfur. The capsules contain liquids with different sulfur content inboard and the layers have different3was taken up by sulfur. When analyzing the content of sulfur in the respective capsules / layers, it is determined whether the content is increased and exceeds the original levels. If this is the case, it is an indication that sulfur from the industry has been supplied and that the content of sulfur in the industry has exceeded the predetermined level for the current canister / layer.
    Despite known solutions, there is a need to be able to easily detect and / or analyze the presence and content of sulfur compounds and other environmentally harmful compounds in the industry. There is also a need to collect information on the maximum content of a chemical compound, eg sulfur, in the industry to which the internal combustion engine has been exposed because an industry withtoo high a sulfur content risks that the function of the catalyst is impaired, which in turn leads tothe emission requirements for the exhaust gases cannot be met. In the case where the catalyst's function has been reduced so that the emission requirements are not complied with and if the vehicle has not refueled fuel with a sulfur content exceeding eg 10 ppm, this may in any case mean that the vehicle manufacturer must recall and store a large number of vehicles, which can be very costly. Is it on the other side to pavethat the instructions are not followed because the fuel has been refueled with more than, for example, 10 ppm becomes onesuch promotion not current.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONDespite known solutions, there is a need to further develop sampling of a liquid,of a fuel, during a period of time, which on a single salt gives an indication of the content of a substance during the period of time. If the sampling unit is used, for example, in a vehicle, it is possible to analyze whether the vehicle has been refueled with fuel that exceeds predetermined content levels for various chemicals or compounds. There is also a need for a sampling devicewhich is passive and which does not require any maintenance and thus has a legal cost.
    The object of the present invention is thus to provide a sampling unit which is in a simple manner adapted to collect a liquid sample, in particular an industry sample, for further analysis. The test can then give an indication of whether the vehicle has been refueled with fuel, which has chemical content.exceeding approved levels for the industry, for example with regard to a sulfur content.4A further object of the invention is to provide a sampling unit which does not require any maintenance.
    Another object of the invention is to provide a sampling unit having a lawcost.
    A further object of the invention is to provide a sampling unit which in a simple manner can be adapted for use at a certain temperature range.
    These objects are achieved with a sampling unit as defined in claim 1.
    The present invention relates to a sampling unit for one liquid sample, preferably for one industry intended for an internal combustion engine. The sampling unit is adapted to be mounted in a system with temperature variations and which system contains or transports a liquid.
    The sampling unit comprises a rocker portion which partially surrounds a cavity which is filled with liquidand a first opening through which the liquid in the cavity can flow out of the cavity and a second opening through which the liquid in the system can flow into the cavity. The first opening is provided with a first closing element which is opened when the temperature of the liquid in the cavity Aar and the liquid expands and there is overpressure in the cavity. The closing element is closedThe pressure between the cavity and the system has been equalized, ie there is no pressure difference.between the system and the cavity. The second opening is provided with a second closing element which is opened when the temperature of the liquid in the cavity decreases and a negative pressure is formed in the cavity. The second closing element is closed when the pressure between the system and the cavity has been equalized. Thus, the liquid flows out of the cavity as the temperature of the liquid increases andthe liquid expands, and the liquid flows into the cavity from the system when the temperature of the liquid inthe cavity sinks and the fluid is compressed.
    With such a sampling unit it is possible to collect a liquid sample from a system continuously for a period of time and then, if necessary, ascertain which content of a certainamne vdtskan innehallit. The time period can be determined based on the need. For example, ifThe function of the DOC unit has deteriorated, there is a need to analyze which fuel has been refueled. The fluid in the sampling unit contains a mixture of fluids which haverat the sampling unit during the predetermined time period. The mixing of liquid shoes can take place when the liquid in a liquid-filled sampling unit is compressed when the temperature drops and a small amount of liquid is allowed to flow into the cavity in which the liquid shoes are mixed. This can happen because the second closing element is opened due to the negative pressure in the liquid in the cavity.and thus a small amount of liquid can flow into the cavity. As the temperature of the liquid increases, the liquid expands and the liquid flows out of the cavity. Then the first closing element is opened due to the pressure in the liquid and a small amount of liquid can flow out of the cavity to the system. The amount of liquid that flows into the cavity of the sampling unit and out of the cavity depends on the design of the sampling unit and the temperature variations in the system. Vatskanscompression and / or expansion is proportional to the temperature variation and can be producedexperimentally and / or through calculations. Only a part of the liquid in the sampling unit is replaced so that the passage and the liquid in the sampling unit can have a replacement time or conversion time, which can be determined on the basis of the temperature variation. Since only a part of the liquid inside the sampling unit is replaced at a time, an indication of the liquid mixture can thus be obtained.position during the sampling period and thus it is also possible to obtain an indicationtion on impermissible levels of a dmne in vdtskan.
    The above objects are thereby achieved by a sampling unit cluster comprising at least two sampling units generally described above.
    When the sampling unit is used in a fuel system for collecting a sample from a fuel, with the aid of the invention it is possible to obtain an indication, for example, of the sulfur content which a fuel has contained, for example, for a longer period of time. It is possible, for example in connection with too high sulfur levels in the fuel, to get an indication of the reason why an exhaust gascleaning device deactivated. In the case of fuel with a sulfur content above the indicated level 5.-Once used and the exhaust gas purification device has been deactivated, the user can be informed that fuel used with the prescribed sulfur content will continue to be used. In the event that the user was not aware of the fuel's high sulfur content, the user can thereby place demands on the industry supplier, who must state the correct sulfur content of the fuel.
    The above objects are then achieved with a system which is subjected to temperature variations betweena rest temperature and an operating temperature. The operating temperature may be higher than the resting temperature.6clean but the resting temperature can also be higher than the operating temperature. The system comprises a hollow component, which contains or transports a liquid. Preferably, the system comprises an industry system comprising a number of components and wherein at least one sampling unit or a sampling unit cluster as above is mounted in at least one of the components.nenterna.
    The above objects are also achieved with an internal combustion engine and a vehicle comprising the internal combustion engine internal combustion engine with a sampling unit or a sampling unit cluster as above. Because there are also different standards and legal requirements that regulatepermitted exhaust emissions from vehicles, it is in the interest of both the vehicle manufacturer and thethe vehicle that the exhaust gas purification device of the vehicle is functioning properly. The sampling unit according to the invention gives both the vehicle manufacturer and the user an indication of whether the industry which drives the vehicle's internal combustion engine has had a high content of a substance, chemical or compound, for example sulfur content.
    The above objects are also achieved by a method for analyzing a liquid by means of the sampling unit or the sampling unit cluster, which method comprises the steps of:filling a cavity of a sampling unit initially with a starting liquid;to place or mount the sampling unit in a system in which the sampling unitcomes in contact with a liquid to be analyzed;c) subjecting the liquid in the system to temperature variations between a resting temperature and an operating temperature and vice versa;to allow the liquid in the cavity to flow out of the cavity flax the temperature of the liquid increases;allowing the liquid in the system to flow into the cavity when the temperature of the liquid drops;f) allowing mixing of the liquid in the cavity through the inlet and outlet of the liquid;removing the sampling unit or sampling unit cluster from the system after a period of time,taking out the liquid collected in the sampling unit, andto analyze the content of a substance in the liquid from the sampling unit with an analyzermethod adapted to the subject, to be analyzed.7Through the process, the content of a substance in the liquid can be analyzed in a simple way, for example the content of sulfur in an industry.
    Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following descriptive examples.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSIn the following, as an example, preferred embodiments of the invention are describedreference to the accompanying drawings, in which:Fig. 1 shows in a schematic side view a vehicle with a sampling unit according to the present invention.current invention,Fig. 2 shows an example of a wiring diagram for a fuel system according to the present invention.current invention,Figs. 3a-3d show a schematic illustration of the operation of the sampling unit according to the present invention,Figs. 4a-4c show a schematic cross-sectional view of a sampling unit cluster according to the present invention.Fig. Shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a sampling unit clusteraccording to the present invention,Figs. 6a-6c show a schematic illustration of the operation of the sampling unit cluster according to the present invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTIONThe invention is described below with reference to the sampling unit and the method generally described above.
    The sampling unit according to the present invention is intended for collecting a liquid sample.
    Preferably, the liquid is an industry intended for an internal combustion engine, but the liquid may be another liquid that can be used in the Mom process industry. When the sampling unit is used, is8it is mounted in a component of a system subjected to temperature variations. The sampling unit can thus be used in a fuel system or in another system in the process industry.
    The sampling unit comprises a rocker portion which partially surrounds a cavity which is filled with liquid,a first opening through which the liquid in the system can flow out of the cavity and a second opening through which the liquid can flow into the cavity. The sampling unit is arranged to be in contact with a liquid, for example a branch, which is to be analyzed so that the water shoes can be replaced into the cavity and into the surrounding hollow component. The water sample can be collected continuouslynormally for a period of time from the liquid with which the sampling unit is in contact. Tidspe-the period is determined based on the analysis need.
    Replacement of the liquid inside the cavity is due to the expansion and compression of the liquid at temperature variations between a resting temperature and an operating temperature. Temperature variationThe difference between a resting temperature and an operating temperature can vary greatly and can, for examplebe from 5 to ° C, for example if the sampling unit is used in a truck's fuel system, but is not limited to this variation. The resting temperature can correspond to the average temperature for the surroundings, eg when the truck's engine is switched off. The operating temperature may be higher than the resting temperature, but may also be lower than the operating temperature. The temperature canvary slightly within the resting temperature range and operating temperature range.
    The sample collection takes place by first filling the cavity with a starting fluid, which can be "pure" fluid, for example fuel whose sulfur content is below 10 ppm. At rest temperature, which can be, for example, about ° C, the liquid in the cavity of the sampling unit is in a normal layer, ie. the cavityis filled with water. During an operating day, for example when operating a truck, the temperature of the liquid increasesinside the cavity whereby the liquid expands. When the system is switched off, the temperature drops again to the normal temperature and the liquid is compressed. The first opening of the sampling unit, which is provided with a first closing element, allows the liquid to flow out of the cavity below the temperature of the liquid in the cavity Aar. As a result, a small amount of liquid can flow out of the cavityten. The second opening is provided with a second closing element which allows the watering caninfluence in the cavity when the temperature of the water in the cavity drops. This allows a small amount of liquid to flow into the cavity. In this way, the liquid inside the cavity can be mixed with the liquid in the system.9with a small amount of time. The sampling unit then receives a "water memory" which is an average composition of the water shoes during a period of time when several cycles of temperature rises and subsequent temperature drops have taken place. Since the exchange of the liquid in the sampling unit takes place relatively slowly, it is possible to examine, for example, the average sulfur content over a longer period.period with the help of the sampling unit. After the sampling period, the contents ofthe sampling unit with a suitable method, as previously known.
    The sampling unit is particularly suitable for collecting fuel samples, especially diesel samples, in a fuel system of a vehicle. The molecules in diesel mainly comprise the hydrocarbons between10 and 22 carbon atoms, such as alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthenes and olefins, butIt also contains sulfur compounds and other inorganic compounds such as phosphorus compounds.
    The cavity of the sampling unit is filled with liquid and can receive the liquid sample. The cavity is partly surrounded by the cradle portion of the sampling unit. The sampling unit has a shape and size thatsuitable for the water sample in question. For example, the cavity may have a droplet shape, cone shape, a cyaniderelief shape or, for example, the shape of an extended cylinder. With such a shape, a small contact area with the liquid can be obtained in relation to the volume of the cavity. Extended cylindrical shape can be advantageous because such a sampling unit is easy to manufacture and arrange in different systems. According to one embodiment, the first opening may be located at a first end ofthe sampling unit and the second opening may be located at a second spirit of the sampling unit, opposite the first opening. In this way a better mixture of water shoes inside the cavity can be obtained. The cavity may have a size or volume from, for example, about 1 to 30 cm 3, for example 20 cm 3, but is not limited to these volumes.
    When the sampling unit is mounted in the component, which can take place, for example, continuously in the cradle of the component, it can come into contact with the liquid in the cavity. The assembly can be done in different ways. For example, the cradle can be drilled so that a continuous slip is formed in the cradle. The sampling unit is then mounted and salted in the tail by means of a suitable fastening device. The sampling unit can also be shaped like a screw with a hollowwhich forms the cavity, and the fastening Ors with the help of passages on the outside of the screw. Sample-however, the mounting unit can be mounted in the component using other fastening methodsand can, for example, be placed inside a component and screwed on the inside of the component cradle so that it can come into contact with the surrounding liquid.
    The sampling unit is preferably releasably mounted in the hollow component. On thisthen the liquid can be emptied from the cavity in a light way.
    The first and the second closing element can be constituted by non-return valves. The closing element or non-return valve, which comprises an opening element, has a specific actuating pressure. The opening element can be, for example, a ball or a cone, which is opened when the pressure, whichcaused by the expansion of the liquid or negative pressure caused by the compression of the liquid, is equal toor higher than the activation pressure. The non-return valve is then openable with a specific activation pressure and closes automatically when the pressure is less than the activation pressure. Activation pressure means a pressure required to open the non-return valve. The pressure is generated by the liquid as the liquid expands / compresses with temperature variations. When the pressure difference between cavitiesand the system is higher than the actuating pressure of the non-return valve, the opening element is opened incheck valve.
    The activation pressure is adjusted so that the non-return valve opens when the temperature rises from a lower temperature which can be a resting temperature to a higher temperature which can be an operating temperatureto allow the inlet or outflow of the liquid. The non-return valve is adapted to be closed at a stabletemperature when no or only an insignificant temperature variation in the system occurs. Preferably, the actuation pressure is adjusted so that the non-return valve remains closed at small temperature variations, eg frail about 1 to ° C, but the range is not limited to this. This salt can counteract the frequent exchange of liquid inside the cavity with small temperature variations in the system.
    Alternatively, the actuating pressure can be adjusted so that the non-return valve opens even at small temperatures.temperature variations.
    The opening element of the non-return valve can be provided with a spring element, which entails a certain actuating pressure. On this salt, the opening element of the non-return valve can be adapted to withstand predetermined temperature variations and a sampling unit which operates at high temperature variations, for example from about 10-100 ° C, can be obtained. When the activation pressure is varied, so can11the exchange rate of the liquid inside the cavity is varied. The higher the activation pressure, the slower the replacement speed can be obtained for the sampling unit.
    The invention also relates to a sampling unit cluster comprising at least two sampling units.shooting units as above. A sampling unit in the cluster includes closure elementsor non-return valves that have a specific activation pressure, which can be adapted to radiating temperature variations in the system. The activation pressure may be different for each sampling unit. In such a cluster, liquid samples can be collected over a period of time with sampling units having different exchange rates. As a result, an estimate of the chemical content can be madeduring a certain period.
    The sampling units in the cluster are preferably arranged in series, but can also be arranged in parallel. When the cluster comprises two sampling units in series, the second opening of the first sampling unit may be in contact with the liquid in the system. The first samplingthe first opening of the unit, through which the liquid can flow out of the cavity, then forms the secondthe second opening of the sampling unit, through which the liquid can flow into the cavity of the second sampling unit. In this case, the first opening of the second sampling unit is in contact with the liquid in the system, and the liquid can flow out of the system through this opening. When the cluster comprises several or two sampling units, the preceding sampling unit is arrangedfirst opening so that it forms the second opening of the sampling unit. The last samplingThe series unit comprises a first opening which is in contact with the liquid in the system, and the liquid from the cluster can flow out through this opening.
    The invention also relates to a system which is subjected to temperature variations between a restingtemperature and an operating temperature. The operating temperature is usually higher than the resting temperature,but can also be lower than the resting temperature. The system comprises a persistent component which contains or transports a liquid. The system comprises a sampling unit as above mounted in the concave component, or a sampling unit cluster as above mounted in the concave component.
    Preferably, the system is a fuel system that includes a fuel tank, a fuel line, a feed pump, a fuel filter, a high pressure pump, an accumulator, and an injection system.12stem. The high-pressure pump, the accumulator and the injection system form components of the high-pressure system of the fuel system and the feed pump and the fuel filter form components of the low-pressure system of the fuel system. The pressure in the high pressure system can be about 1800-2500 bar and the pressure in the low pressure system can be about 8-15 bar. At least one sampling unit according toabove is mounted in the fuel tank and / or in at least one of the fuel line, feed pumpor industry filters, which are the components of the industry system.
    The sampling unit or the sampling unit cluster can be mounted in the fuel tank. In this way, the sampling unit or the sampling unit cluster comes into contact with the industrywhich has been refueled. The sampling unit or the sampling unit cluster may also alternativelyor supplementary be mounted in a component of the fuel system's legal pressure system. The sampling unit or sampling unit cluster may, for example, be mounted in the main fuel filter. Easy replacement and monitoring of the sampling unit or sampling unit cluster is permitted if it is installed in the industrial pressure system or in the industrial system.thought.
    The invention also relates to a vehicle which comprises the industry system above.
    The invention also relates to a method for analyzing a liquid by means of a sampling unitor a sampling unit cluster as above, which method comprises the steps of:filling a cavity of a sampling unit initially with a starting liquid;placing or mounting the sampling unit in a system in which the sampling unit comes into contact with a liquid to be analyzed; c) subjecting the liquid in the cavity to temperature variations between a resting temperature and aoperating temperature and vice versa;allowing the liquid in the cavity to flow out of the cavity when the temperature of the liquid increases;allowing the liquid in the system to flow into the cavity when the temperature of the liquid drops;allowing mixing of the liquid in the cavity through the inlet and outlet of the liquid;to remove the sampling unit or sampling unit cluster from the system aftera period of time,taking out the liquid collected in the sampling unit, and13i) to analyze the content of a substance in the liquid from the sampling unit with an analysis method adapted to the substance to be analyzed.
    In the process, the operating temperature may be higher than the resting temperature. Preferably is the liquida fuel and the system is a fuel system and the substance to be analyzed is sulfur.
    In order to be able to determine the sulfur content of the fuel, the liquid must be analyzed. This is conveniently done after the sampling unit has been dismantled from the fuel system. The sulfur content of the fuel can belysed according to standard methods as described, for example, in Swedish Standard SS-EN ISO20884 (Petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content in motor fuel - Voltage dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ISO 20884: 2011) and / or Swedish Standard SS-EN ISO 20846 (Petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content in motor fuel - Ultraviolet fluorescence result: ISO 20) if the fuel fired has a sulfur content higher than the recommended level for the fuel, which isbelow 10 ppm.
    Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
    Figure 1 shows a vehicle 1 in a schematic side view, which vehicle 1 is provided with a combustion vehicle.internal combustion engine 2, which drives the drive wheel 3 of the vehicle 1 via a gearbox 5 and a cardan shaft 9. The internal combustion engine 2 is provided with an exhaust system 10. The internal combustion engine 2 is driven by a fuel 8, which is fed to the internal combustion engine 2 by a fuel system 4. 4 also includes a sampling unit 100 according to the invention.one, which is located in this example in the fuel tank 100. The vehicle also includes a chassis 7.
    The exhaust system 10 may include, for example, a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), particulate filter and an EGR system and an SCR system.
    Fig. 2 shows an example of a wiring diagram for a fuel reading system 4 for a combustionmotor 2. The sampling unit 100 according to the present invention can be used, for example, insuch a fuel system, but other variants of fuel systems may come into question. The sampling unit can also be used in other liquid systems, e.g. in the process industry.14The fuel system 4 comprises a plurality of components, of which a main fuel filter 12, a high-pressure pump 14, an accumulator in the form of a so-called common rail 16, and an injection system 18 are schematically shown in the form of an fuel injector arranged at the combustion chamber.the engine 2 (the internal combustion engine 2 is shown in Fig. 1). Alternatively, common rail 16 can be replaced withanother form of injection system 18, for example piezo or unit injection system. The high-pressure pump 14, common rail 16 and injection system 18 form components of the high-pressure system 4 of the fuel system 4. A sampling unit according to the present invention can be placed in any of the components of the high-pressure system, for example in a fuel line.between the high pressure pump 14 and the common rail 16.
    The fuel system 4 also comprises a fuel tank 6 and a feed pump 26. These components can be arranged at the chassis 7 of the vehicle (chassis 7 is shown in Fig. 1). The fuel filter 12 is arranged downstream of the pump 26 and upstream of the high pressure pump 14 in the fuel system 4.The unit 100 may be mounted in the fuel filter 12, as shown in this example, butother locations are also possible, for example in a fuel line 40.
    The feed pump 26 pressurizes the fuel in a low pressure system 21 of the fuel system and feeds the fuel from the fuel tank 20 via the fuel line 40 through the main fuel filter 12 and further to the high pressure pump 14. With high pressure the fuel is then fed to the common rail 16 and further to the injection system 18.
    Figs. 3a-3d schematically show the operation of a sampling unit 300. The sampling unit 300 comprises a cradle portion 304, which partially surrounds a cavity 301, a first opening 303 witha first non-return valve 305 and a second opening 307 with a second non-return valve 309. The sampling unit is filled with a starting fluid 302. The non-return valves 305 and 309 have a certain activation pressure and the first non-return valve 305 tinks flowed out of the cavity. the second non-return valve 309 allows inflow into the cavity 301 when the temperature of the liquid in the cavity 301 drops. Fig. 3a illustrates a temperature at normal temperature.temperature in a system, which may be, for example, at ° C. In this ldge, the liquid 302 fills the cavity 301. IFig. 3b illustrates a situation in the system when the temperature changes from a resting temperature to an operating temperature and the temperature of the liquid in the cavity increases, for example between about 5- ° C. Because ofthe temperature of the liquid 302 in the cavity 301, the liquid 302 expands and the pressure in the liquid increases above the actuating pressure of the first non-return valve 305 and a small amount of liquid 302 in the cavity 301 may flow out through the first opening 303 to a surrounding component in the system, for example fuel tank, said as shown by the arrows. Fig. 3c shows the situation afterthat the liquid has been released from the cavity 301 and when the temperature has stabilized tothe temperature and pressure inside the cavity 301 have decreased. Both non-return valves 305 and 309 are closed and no liquid can flow in or out of the cavity 301. Fig. 3d shows the situation after the temperature in the cavity 301 drops from the operating temperature back to the normal temperature. As the temperature of the liquid decreases, the liquid 302 is compressed in the cavity 301, wherebya negative pressure is formed in the cavity 301. The negative pressure exceeds the second non-return valve 309activation pressure and the check valve open and the liquid from the system may flow into the cavity 301 through the second opening 307. A small amount of liquid, which may correspond to the amount of liquid discharged from the cavity during expansion, flows into the cavity 301 from the surrounding component of the system. After normal pressure in cavity 301 is reached, the non-return valve closes309 again and the sampling unit 300 returns to a normal position as shown in Fig. 3a.
    In this way, the liquid in the cavity 301 has been mixed with the surrounding liquid. During a sampling period, several cycles of elevated temperatures and subsequent temperature drops occur, and therefore a mixture of water shoes can be obtained for a fixed period.
    Figs. 4a-4c show examples of possible designs of a sampling unit according to the invention.one. In each of the examples of Figs. 4a-4c, the sampling unit 400 includes a cradle portion 404 (shown in Fig. 4c) that partially surrounds a cavity 401, a first opening 403, a second opening 407 and a first check valve 405, and a second check valve. 409. Each of the second non-return valves 409 comprises a spring element in the form of a spring 411 (Fig. 4a); 413 (FIG.4b); 415 (Fig. 4c). These springs have different stiffnesses and they affect the activation pressurethe second non-return valve 409. The spring 411 has the least stiffness and thus the lowest activating pressure and the spring 415 has the greatest stiffness and thus the greatest activating pressure. Thus, the non-return valve 409 of the sampling unit with the spring 411 can be opened and closed at lower temperature variations than, for example, the non-return valve 409 with the spring 415.the unit with the spring 411 fa stone replacement of the liquid inside the cavity 401 at each cycle anthe sampling unit with the spring 415. In addition, the sampling unit with the spring 411 can be replaced even at low temperature variations. The sampling units 400 can be placed in one16liquid systems as separate units or as a cluster. Due to varying activation pressures, different exchange rates for the liquid are obtained in each sampling unit. The sampling unit 400 is formed as an extended cylinder and the first opening 403 is located at a first end 410 (shown in Fig. 4c) of the sampling unit 400 and the second407 is located at a second end 420 (shown in Fig. 4c) of the sampling unit 400,opposite the first opening 403. The sampling unit 400 may be provided with passages on the outside of the cradle portion 404 (not shown) to facilitate the attachment of the sampling unit 400 to a hollow component.
    Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of a sampling unit 500 according to the invention, whichsampling unit 500 includes an outlet chamber 520. The sampling unit includes a cradle portion 504 'that partially surrounds a cavity 501'. The sampling unit comprises a first opening 503 'provided with a first non-return valve 505', through which the liquid can flow out of the cavity 501 'to the outlet chamber 520. The outlet chamber receives the liquid from the sampling chamber.capturing unit 500 but also has the task of facilitating the attachment of a spring 512 atcheck valve 505 '. The sampling unit 500 also includes a second opening 507 ', which is in contact with the liquid in the system to be analyzed. The second opening 507 'is provided with a second non-return valve 509', through which the liquid can flow into the cavity 501 '. The liquid flows out of the cavity 501 'through the first opening 503' provided with the firstthe non-return valve 505 'reaches the temperature of the liquid in the cavity 501' 'Aar, the liquid expands and itoverpressure is formed in the cavity 501 '. The liquid flows out of the cavity 501 'to the outlet chamber 520, which is provided with two openings 503 ", through which the liquid can flow freely in or out. When the temperature of the liquid in the cavity 501' drops, the negative pressure is formed in the cavity 501 ', the other the non-return valve 509 'opens and the liquid from the system can flow into the cavity501 'through the second opening 507'. The second non-return valve 509 'closes when the pressure betweencavity 501 'and the system has been leveled.
    Fig. 6a shows a sampling unit cluster 600 comprising three sampling units 610, 620 and 630 and an outlet chamber 640 connected in series. Sampling units 610,620 and 630 correspond to the sampling unit 500 in Fig. 5 and the outlet chamber 640 corresponds to the outlet chamber 520 in Fig. 5. For the sake of clarity in the drawings, the components of the sampling units 610, 620 and 630 are shown only with reference to sampling unit 620.17The sampling unit 620 includes a cradle portion 604 which partially surrounds a cavity 601, a first opening 603 through which the liquid can flow out of the cavity 601, when the temperature is, for example, from a resting temperature to an operating temperature and the liquid expands and a second opening 607 through which the liquid can flood into the cavity 601 when the temperature drops andthe liquid is compressed. Each of the openings 603, 607 is provided with a non-return valve 605 ', 609, which is opened when the pressure difference during the expansion or compression of the water is stone of the actuating pressure of the non-return valve 605', 609. The first non-return valve 605 'is provided with a spring 612 which is fixed in the subsequent sampling unit 630 and the second non-return valve 609 is provided with a spring 611 which is fixed in the sampling unit 620. In Fig. 6aall units 610, 620 and 630 are filled with a starter water and the system is in idle mode.
    Fig. 6b shows the function of the cluster 600 when the temperature is, for example, from the resting temperature to the operating temperature and the liquid expands and overpressure is formed in the sampling units 610, 620 and 630. Each of the sampling units 610, 620 and 630 each comprises its ownfirst non-return valve 605, 605 'and 605 ". The first non-return valves 605, 605' and 605" are openedand the liquid from the first sampling unit 610 flows into the second sampling unit 620, and correspondingly, the liquid from the second sampling unit 620 flows into the third sampling unit 630. The liquid from the third sampling unit 630 flows into the outlet chamber 640, which is provided with two openings. 603 ', through which the liquid canflow freely out or into the system. The system can be, for example, a fuel tank, in which the samplingthe unit can be mounted or suspended so that a second opening 609 "of the sampling unit 610 and the openings 603 'can come into contact with the fuel in the tank. After the expansion, the system returns to a stable layer as shown in Fig. 6a.
    Fig. 6c shows the function of the cluster when the temperature drops from the operating temperature to rest.the temperature and the liquid are compressed and a negative pressure is formed in the sampling units 610, 620 and 630. Each of the sampling units 610, 620 and 630 each comprises a second non-return valve 609 ", 609 and 609 '. The other non-return valves 609", 609 and 609' are opened. and the liquid from the system can flow into the first sampling unit 610 and accordinglyThe liquid flows from the first sampling unit 610 to the second sampling unit.unit 620 and from the second sampling unit 620 to the third sampling unit 630. The second non-return valves are closed after the pressure difference between the system and the sampling unit18units have been leveled out. The first non-return valve 605 "is closed and no liquid is fed into the outlet chamber 640. In this way, the liquids in the sampling units can be mixed when several cycles of temperature variations occur during the sampling period. With such a cluster of sampling units, a slower yield or turnover can be achieved.of the liquid inside the cavity of the sampling units following the first samplingunit so that the exchange rate is slowest in the last sampling unit.
    The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present inventionfling has been provided for the purpose of illustrating and describing the invention. The described embodimentsthe forms of the invention are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention, but to be limited by the scope of the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    1. bu C 6 0 [. 'b! d 17 3/6 309 303 304 01 307 300
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    RU2637968C1|2017-12-08|
    SE537541C2|2015-06-09|
    EP3077785A4|2017-07-26|
    WO2015084251A1|2015-06-11|
    EP3077785A1|2016-10-12|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1351455A|SE537541C2|2013-12-06|2013-12-06|Sampling unit for a liquid sample, preferably for fuel, where the unit is adapted to be mounted in a system with temperature variations|SE1351455A| SE537541C2|2013-12-06|2013-12-06|Sampling unit for a liquid sample, preferably for fuel, where the unit is adapted to be mounted in a system with temperature variations|
    EP14867573.9A| EP3077785A4|2013-12-06|2014-12-05|Sampling unit for a fluid sample adapted to be fitted into a system with temperature variations|
    RU2016125750A| RU2637968C1|2013-12-06|2014-12-05|Sampler for fluid sampling, suitable for installation in system with temperature variations|
    PCT/SE2014/051458| WO2015084251A1|2013-12-06|2014-12-05|Sampling unit for a fluid sample adapted to be fitted into a system with temperature variations|
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